The FAR (or specifically known as the Federal Aviation Regulation) are rules published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) governing all aviation activities in the United States. Their main purpose is to protect our nations airspace. However, in my opinion, some of them, go a little too far. The FARs are part of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). These laws cover all topic from aircraft incident investigation to laws pertaining to flight schools. They are broken up into different parts. Some commonly known parts of the FAR are part 23, 25, 91, 121, and 135.
Part 23: Contains airworthiness standards for airplanes in the normal, utility, acrobatic, and commuter categories. It lays down the standards required for issuance and change of type certificates for airplanes in these categories. This Part is extremely thick because it ensures airworthiness in areas such as performance, stability, controllability, and safety mechanisms, how the seats must be constructed, oxygen and air pressurization systems, fire prevention, escape hatches, flight management procedures, flight control communications, emergency landing procedures, and other limitations, as well as testing of all the systems of the aircraft.
Part 25:This Part contains airworthiness standards for airplanes in the transport category. The majority of airplanes up to 12,500 lb Maximum Takeoff Weight are type certificated in the normal, utility or acrobatic categories so most airplanes certificated to Part 25 have Maximum Takeoff Weights greater than 12,500 lb, although there is no lower weight limit. The Boeing 737 and later types, and Airbus A300 series, are well-known airplane types that were certificated to FAR Part 25.
Part 91: General operating rules are depicted in this part of the FARs. This is the part that most pilots are educated on. Pilot certification, airspace regulations, and communications procedures are all explained in this section. Most items pertinent to the actual piloting of the aircraft are published here. Like I said before, pilots are most knowledgeable in this section.
Part 121 and 135: These regulations lay down rules by which commercial aviation (including charter, commuter, and on demand operations) must abide by. Most pilots will never go into depth about these requirements and limitations.
Evan Krueger
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